Health insurance basics for low income

Getting sick without health insurance can turn a bad week into a financial crisis. A single emergency room visit can cost thousands of dollars. The good news is that there are programs designed specifically for people with low or limited income. You may qualify for free or very affordable coverage right now.

Here is a plain-English look at your main options.

Medicaid

Medicaid is a government health insurance program for people with low income. It is run by your state, so the rules are a little different depending on where you live. In many states, adults, children, pregnant women, seniors, and people with disabilities can qualify. Coverage is usually free or very low cost.

To find out if you qualify, visit your state's Medicaid website or go to HealthCare.gov. You can apply any time of year. If you are approved, coverage can sometimes start the same month you apply.

CHIP (Children's Health Insurance Program)

If your kids do not qualify for Medicaid, they may still qualify for CHIP. This program covers children in families that earn too much for Medicaid but still cannot afford private insurance. Costs are low, and coverage includes doctor visits, prescriptions, dental, and vision in most states.

You can apply for CHIP through your state or at InsureKidsNow.gov.

Marketplace Plans With Subsidies

The Health Insurance Marketplace at HealthCare.gov lets you shop for private health plans. If your income is low to moderate, you may qualify for subsidies. These are discounts that lower your monthly premium, sometimes to just a few dollars a month.

You can also qualify for extra help with deductibles and copays if your income is below a certain level. This is called a cost-sharing reduction.

Open enrollment usually runs from November through January, but if you lose a job, have a baby, or go through certain life changes, you may qualify to enroll outside of that window.

Community Health Centers

Even if you are not insured, community health centers can help. These clinics serve everyone, regardless of insurance status or ability to pay. They charge on a sliding scale, which means your cost is based on your income. Some visits may cost as little as a few dollars.

Search for a center near you at findahealthcenter.hrsa.gov.

Medicare for Older Adults

If you are 65 or older, or if you have certain disabilities, you may qualify for Medicare. Some people with low income can also get help paying their Medicare costs through programs called Medicare Savings Programs. These can cover your premiums and other out-of-pocket costs.

What to Do Right Now

First, check if you qualify for Medicaid. It is the most common free option and covers a wide range of people. Go to HealthCare.gov and use the quick screening tool. It takes just a few minutes.

If you have children, check CHIP at the same time. Both applications are often on the same form.

If you do not qualify for either, look at Marketplace plans with subsidies. Enter your income honestly to see what help you may receive.

No matter what, find a community health center in your area. Even without insurance, you can get basic care at a manageable cost.

You do not have to figure this all out alone. Many community centers have trained helpers, called navigators or assisters, who can walk you through the application for free. You can find one at localhelp.healthcare.gov.

Health coverage is not only for people with steady jobs or high incomes. These programs exist because everyone needs care at some point. Taking one small step today can protect both your health and your finances.